Ev. Dehmlow et U. Fastabend, DO THE STRUCTURES OF PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSTS INFLUENCE DIHALOGENOCARBENE CARBENOID SELECTIVITIES, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (16), 1993, pp. 1241-1242
The selectivities of phase-transfer catalytically generated dichloro-
and dibromo-carbenes towards alkenes are independent of the structure
of the catalysts which indicates that free:CX2 is involved in all case
s in spite of the fact that there is a strong catalyst influence on ce
rtain reaction paths starting from CX3- half-arrow-left-over-half-arro
w-right :CX2.