Z. Yoshida et al., ANOMALOUS RESISTANCE INDUCED BY CHAOS OF ELECTRON MOTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO PLASMA PRODUCTION, Physical review letters, 81(12), 1998, pp. 2458-2461
Null points in magnetic fields destroy the adiabatic invariants of cha
rged particle motion, resulting in a chaotic motion. The mixing effect
of the chaos produces efficient collisionless heating of electrons. T
he entropy production is represented by an effective resistance in a m
acroscopic description. This ''chaos-induced resistance'' enables plas
ma production at a low gas pressure suitable for ultrafine plasma etch
ing. [S0031-9007(98)07155-5].