The genetic transformation of most agriculturally important plant spec
ies is now Possible. However, the application of this technology to ra
tional plant-improvement is currently limited by a shortage of cloned
genes for important traits. Recent technological advances in plant-gen
e isolation and identification, such as map-based cloning, insertional
mutagenesis and large-scale cDNA sequencing, have accelerated the rat
e of gene isolation and significantly expanded the opportunities for g
enetic engineering of crop plants.