R. Cowan et Jh. Miller, TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDS WITH LOCAL EXTERNALITIES AND DECENTRALIZED BEHAVIOR, Journal of evolutionary economics, 8(3), 1998, pp. 285-296
We model a situation in which agents must choose between two technolog
ies that operate under local, positive network externalities. We find
that decentralized behaviour can lead to the emergence of a technical
standard, but can also result in a variety of other equilibria. Policy
to eliminate non-standardized equilibria can be effected, but in some
cases it may be very costly.