A 74-year-old patient sought treatment for visual obscuration and clin
ically had signs of Graves orbitopathy. Past medical history was unrem
arkable except for the use of antihypertensive medication. During the
hospital admission, a fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test
was reactive, indicating infection with syphilis at some time in the p
ast. Visual deterioration despite oral corticosteroid therapy prompted
orbital decompression. At the time of surgery, she sustained a globe
rupture. Presumably, syphilitic scleritis was responsible, in part, fo
r scleral thinning and weakening, predisposing her to this complicatio
n. To the authors' knowledge, globe rupture has not been previously re
ported during orbital decompression.