Gj. Hallowell et al., GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS FOR FIRST LACTATION MILK TRAITS IN THE SOUTH-AFRICAN AYRSHIRE BREED, South African journal of animal science, 28(1), 1998, pp. 38-45
Estimated breeding values and genetic trends were obtained in Ayrshire
cattle by using DFREML procedures for 9050 first lactation records ca
lving down from 1977 to 1992. Environmental trends were calculated as
the difference between the phenotypic and genetic values. The Ayrshire
breed showed a positive trend of 19 kg per year for milk yield, with
similar trends for fat and protein yield, while the trends for fat and
protein percentage were negative.