Ee. Morrison et al., DIFFERENCES IN THE INTRACELLULAR-LOCALIZATION AND FATE OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS TEGUMENT PROTEINS EARLY IN THE INFECTION OF VERO CELLS, Journal of General Virology, 79, 1998, pp. 2517-2528
The fate of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) tegument proteins during in
fection in Vero cells was investigated immunochemically, Input virion-
associated VP13/14 and VP 16 localized to the nucleus early in infecti
on, while VP1/2 localized to the nuclear envelope of the cell and VP22
could not be detected using monoclonal antibody P43, Western blotting
suggested that virion-associated VP13/14, VP16 and VP22 were stable i
n infected cells whereas VP1/2 appeared to be processed or modified. F
urther studies showed that P43 recognized a phosphorylation-sensitive
epitope in VP22 and suggested that virion-associated VP22 was phosphor
ylated upon entry to the cell. VP13/14 and VP16 were easily extracted
from cells early in infection whereas VP22 was largely insoluble. Phos
phatase treatment of soluble extracts caused a shift in the molecular
mass of VP16 showing it was phosphorylated, As infection progressed VP
16 was observed in discrete nuclear compartments where it co-localized
with ICPS and the capsid-associated protein VP22a. VP13114 was also o
bserved in the nucleus. P43 immunostaining appeared around 6 h post-in
fection as punctate nuclear foci which often localized to the edge of
VP16-immunoreactive areas. Punctate P43 cytoplasmic staining appeared
around 12 h post-infection. By 18 h the nuclear pattern had disappeare
d and an extensive cytoplasmic stain was observed which closely overla
pped that of other tegument proteins. On the basis of these data we su
ggest that virion-associated VP22 is phosphorylated upon entry of the
virus into the cell and that unphosphorylated VP22, which is preferent
ially recognized by P43, becomes available later in infection, initial
ly in the nucleus, for packaging into virions.