CAPACITY FADE MECHANISMS AND SIDE REACTIONS IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

The capacity of a lithium-ion battery decreases during cycling. This c apacity loss or fade occurs due to several different mechanisms which are due to or are associated with unwanted side reactions that occur i n these batteries. These reactions occur during overcharge or overdisc harge and cause electrolyte decomposition, passive film formation, act ive material dissolution, and other phenomena. These capacity loss mec hanisms are not included in the present lithium-ion battery mathematic al models available in the open literature. Consequently, these models cannot be used to predict cell performance during cycling and under a buse conditions. This article presents a review of the current literat ure on capacity fade mechanisms and attempts to describe the informati on needed and the directions that may be taken to include these mechan isms in advanced lithium-ion battery models.