Risk groups: This summary of economic evaluations of pneumococcal vacc
ination reveals that in general, pneumococcal vaccination of the elder
ly and of particular risk groups (the elderly with underlying illnesse
s and HIV+ patients) is found to be relatively cost-effective and pote
ntially cost-saving to the health care sector and to society General p
opulation: Universal pneumococcal vaccination of the general populatio
n on the other hand is a relatively cost-ineffective intervention in t
he health care sector. Perspectives: Although the reviewed analyses ha
ve become more refined over the years as more disease and prevention r
elated data became available, there is still room for improvement in f
uture economic evaluations on this subject.