S. Grossberg, REPRESENTATIONS NEED SELF-ORGANIZING TOP-DOWN EXPECTATIONS TO FIT A CHANGING WORLD, Behavioral and brain sciences, 21(4), 1998, pp. 473-474
''Chorus embodies an attempt to find out how far a mostly bottom-up ap
proach to representation can be taken.'' Models that embody both botto
m-up and top-down learning have stronger computational properties and
explain more data about representation than feedforward models do.