Health risks from fossil, renewable and nuclear reference energy syste
ms are estimated following a detailed impact pathway approach. Using a
ser of appropriate air quality models and exposure-effect functions d
erived from the recent epidemiological literature, a methodological fr
amework for risk assessment has been established and consistently appl
ied across the different energy systems, including the analysis of con
sequences from a major nuclear accident. A wide range of health impact
s resulting from increased air pollution and ionizing radiation is qua
ntified, and the transferability of results derived from specifics pow
er plants to a more general context is discussed.