This case-control study investigated factors associated with late init
iation (i.e., initiation after the age of 17 years) of smoking among y
oung women. The most significantly elevated odds ratios for late initi
ation were having a significant other who smoked and having friends wh
o found smoking acceptable at initiation. Peers, especially significan
t others, played an important role in smoking initiation among young w
omen. Prevention efforts should focus on strategies that reduce the ac
ceptability of smoking in the social environment.