Mf. Vine et al., COTININE CONCENTRATIONS IN SEMEN, URINE, AND BLOOD OF SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS, American journal of public health, 83(9), 1993, pp. 1335-1338
Cotinine levels in the semen, urine, and blood of 88 male smokers and
nonsmokers, aged 18 to 35, were analyzed via radioimmunoassay. Detecta
ble cotinine levels were found in all three body fluids, and cotinine
levels in all three fluids were highly correlated. Cotinine levels in
semen and blood were of similar magnitude; cotinine levels in urine we
re an order of magnitude or more higher. In all three fluids, cotinine
levels increased with an increase in cigarette smoke exposure.