Electrochemical sensors with solid polymer electrolytes

Electrochemical sensors with an electrode system formed on a solid polymer electrolyte (spe) enable detection of substances in poorly conductive liqui ds and in gases and can be constructed either with a liquid phase as a part of the sensor system, or as solid-state sensors. The basic properties of s pe, especially Nafion, are discussed as are the methods of preparation of e lectrodes on the spr surface. The effects of the geometry, preparation proc edure and the character of the spe/electrode boundary on the sensor propert ies are examined. Principal sensor designs are described and discussed and selected applications are surveyed in the tables. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.