The global communications industry is undergoing fundamental transformation
s on multiple fronts led by technology and regulatory forces. The growing d
emand for telecommunication services on a worldwide basis is fueling an exp
ansion of the industry in this last decade of the 20(th) century. Internati
onal standards have played a key role in the expansion by ensuring interope
rability and economies of scale. Growth in data traffic has caused most of
the expansion, necessitating a convergence of voice and data networks to im
prove the use of infrastructure, minimizing investment and operations costs
. Furthermore, today's multiple network solutions, such as virtual private
networks (VPNs), leased line networks, and the public switched telephone ne
twork (PSTN) can be consolidated through Internet protocol (IP) and asynchr
onous transfer mode (ATM) technologies, resulting in additional operational
savings. Finally, such enhanced services as universal mailboxes, voice/vid
eo conferences, and broadcasts are now feasible through integrated access a
nd multiservice access devices.