Brt. Garrett et Jj. Rooney, The nature of the blue species formed when 1,1-diphenylethylene chemisorbsand reacts on acidic solids, CATAL LETT, 57(4), 1999, pp. 205-208
The blue species obtained when 1,1-diphenylethylene chemisorbs on highly ac
idic solids arises from a very minor dimerization reaction where a less sta
ble canonical form of the initial carbenium ion adds to Phi(2)C=CH2 (Phi =
phenyl). Proton loss followed by H- ion abstraction from the resulting olef
in then affords a highly conjugated ion as the blue species.