On the optimal exploitation of terrestrial animal species

The paper analyses the social optimal management of terrestrial animal spec ies where landuse costs, non-consumptive benefits of the wild species and n uisance costs, in addition to harvesting profit, are taken into account. Wh en there is harvesting, it is demonstrated that increased profitability of the alternative land-use activities will result in less animals and habitat land in the long-term. It is also shown that the price effect of the harve sting works different compared to the traditional Clark-model of marine res ources. Because most terrestrial species represent no harvesting profit and are not harvested, the non-harvesting case is also analysed. Also now will improved profitability in the competing activities of keeping animals be a threat to the wild species as it triggers land-use conversion. Moreover, i n absence of harvesting profit, there are no potential counteracting forces due to the existence of harvesting profit.