Persistently high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic active EBV infection

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a severe illness wit h unusual EBV activation that persists for years, and its pathogenesis is l argely unknown. After the creation of an accurate and reproducible polymera se chain reaction system to quantify EBV DNA, virus loads in peripheral blo od lymphocytes (PBL) were determined in 54 children: 15 with CAEBV, 16 with infectious mononucleosis (IM), and 23 healthy children. Children with CAEB V and those with IM had high virus loads, Lower loads were detected in 47% of seropositive healthy donors. There were two distinct differences between children with CAEBV and those with IM: The former had greater viral replic ation (10(3)-10(7) copies/2.5 x 10(5) PBL) than those with IM, and Viral re plication declined in children with IM whereas active replication persisted for years in subjects with CAEBV. Persisting high virus loads are a possib le diagnostic criterion: for CAEBV, EBV loads may enable classification and prognosis of EBV infections.