Parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, polyneuropathy, and cognitive decline afterlong-term occupational solvent exposure

It is well known that exposure to manganese, solvents, or carbon monoxide i n an occupational setting may lead to central nervous system damage and par kinsonism. The most important solvents in this respect are methanol, toluen e, carbon disulfide, and n-hexane, We describe three patients who had been exposed to various solvents for more than 20 years (25, 34, and 46 years). They presented with parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, mild cognitive decline, and unresponsiveness to levodopa, Two patients had a predominantly axonal a nd sensory polyneuropathy of the lower legs with fasciculations in one of t hem. Parkinsonian features were progressive, even after the patients had st opped work. We present clinical data, neuropsychological findings, and resu lts of brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, electroneur omyography, evoked potentials, single photon emission computed tomography, and positron-emission tomography. There is growing evidence that various or ganic solvents give rise to a parkinsonism syndrome with pyramidal features in susceptible individuals.