The present study examined the relationship between smoking and depression
among patients with different psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-III-R
criteria. The study sample of 1217 consecutive in- and outpatients, treated
at the Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, in eastern Fi
nland, was interviewed with two sets of questions during May 1993. The prev
alence of smoking was higher among severely depressive than among mildly or
moderately depressive patients in all diagnostic categories, except in mal
e schizophrenics. However, this difference in rate of smoking was statistic
ally significant only among men with major depression and women with person
ality disorder. The best determinants of severe depression in a multiple lo
gistic model were diagnosis of major depression, personality disorder, and
dysthymia. According to the model, current smokers had a 40% higher risk of
severe depression than nonsmokers. Because both smoking and depression are
major public health problems, the observed association deserves more thoro
ugh research, especially by psychiatric specialists.