Sy. Sun et al., Mechanisms of apoptosis induced by the synthetic retinoid CD437 in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells, ONCOGENE, 18(14), 1999, pp. 2357-2365
The novel synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthal
ene carboxylic acid (CD437) has been shown to induce apoptosis in various t
umor cell lines including human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells
, which are resistant to the natural all-trans retinoic acid and to many sy
nthetic receptor-selective retinoids, Although the mechanism of this effect
was not elucidated, it was found to be independent of nuclear retinoid rec
eptors, In the present study, we analysed the mechanisms by which CD437 ind
uces apoptosis in two human NSCLC cell lines: H460 with wild-type p53 and H
1792 with mutant p53. Both cell lines underwent apoptosis after exposure to
CD437, although the cell line with wild-type p53 (H460) was more sensitive
to the induction of apoptosis, CD437 increased the activity of caspase in
both cell lines, however, the effect was much more pronounced in the H460 c
ells, The caspase inhibitors (Z-DEVD-FMK and Z-VAD-FMK) suppressed CD437-in
duced CPP32-like caspase activation and apoptosis in both cell lines, CD437
induced the expression of the p53 gene and its target genes, p21, Bas, and
Killer/DR5, only in the H460 cells. These results suggest that CD437-induc
ed apoptosis is more extensive in NSCLC cells that express wild-type p53, p
ossibly due to the involvement of the p53 regulated genes Killer/DR5, and B
ar although CD437 can also induce apoptosis by means of a p53-independent m
echanism. Both pathways of CD437-induced apoptosis appear to involve activa
tion of CPP32-like caspase.