This paper presents the results of a laboratory photographic study on the c
haracteristics of vertical circular jets discharged from the bed at right a
ngles into crossflows of finite depth. Such jets have been divided into two
groups termed as deep water and shallow water jets. A parameter has been d
eveloped to distinguish between deep and shallow water jets. While deep wat
er jets are generally similar to jets in crossflows of large extent, shallo
w water jets exhibit a number of differences including bifurcation, Correla
tions have been developed for the characteristics of both deep and shallow
water jets. The results of this study are important and useful for the hydr
aulic design of submerged outfalls in rivers.