Remember-know judgments can depend on how memory is tested

Remember-know judgments reflect the subjective state of awareness that acco mpanies episodic memory retrieval. We tested an old-new recognition conditi on, an old-new recognition followed by remember-know judgment condition, an d a simultaneous remember-know-new judgment condition. These three conditio ns were tested for both a short (l-sec) and a long (4.5-sec) study duration . Reassuringly, results from the first two conditions did not differ from e ach other. Results from the third condition, however, differed from those i n the first two conditions at both long and short study durations. Simultan eous consideration of all three alternatives resulted in a markedly liberal response bias, both in recognition detection and in the ascriptions of rem ember and know judgments. Discussion of the results is framed in terms of t he single-process signal detection models that have been proposed to accoun t for these subjective states of awareness.