We combined two randomized prospective Brain Tumor Study Group data se
ts to analyze the effects of prognostic factors on survival by treatme
nt group. Adjuvant chemotherapy increased longterm survival regardless
of prognostic factors. Pathological review revealed that oligodendrog
liomas were overrepresented among longterm survivors independent of th
erapy. Prognostic factors do not predict benefit from adjuvant nitroso
urea in malignant gliomas, and long-term survival with chemotherapy is
not explained by oligodendroglial tumors.