S. Kaartvedt et al., SCHOOLING OF THE VERTICALLY MIGRATING MESOPELAGIC FISH MAUROLICUS-MUELLERI IN LIGHT SUMMER NIGHTS, Marine ecology. Progress series, 170, 1998, pp. 287-290
Vertically migrating Maurolicus muelleri arrested their nocturnal asce
nt below the peak zooplankton concentrations during Light summer night
s at 62 degrees N. At 69 degrees N, the behavior was further modified,
with M, muelleri forming schools in the upper layer at night. We sugg
est that M. muelleri used schooling as an antipredator strategy due to
the absence of dark periods.