MEASURING THE MOTIVES OF SOVIET LEADERSHIP AND SOVIET-SOCIETY - CONGRUENCE REFLECTED OR CONGRUENCE CREATED

We explore the relationship between the motive profiles of Soviet lead ership and Soviet society, using the first Communist Party Congress sp eeches of four Soviet leaders (Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and Gorba chev). During the two years before the leaders' speeches, the societal motive profile tended to diverge from that reflected in the speeches. During the two years after the speeches, however, societal motives te nded to converge with leadership motives. These results suggest that i n Soviet society, the leadership shaped or influenced societal motives (i.e., the ''popular will''), rather than reflecting them.