The angiopoietins and members of the vascular endothelial growth facto
r (VEGF) family are the only growth factors thought to be largely spec
ific for vascular endothelial cells. Targeted gene inactivation studie
s in mice have shown that VEGF is necessary for the early stages of va
scular development and that angiopoietin-1 is required for the later s
tages of vascular remodeling. Here it is shown that transgenic overexp
ression of angiopoietin-1 in the skin of mice produces larger, more nu
merous, and more highly branched vessels. These results raise the poss
ibility that angiopoietins can be used, alone or in combination with V
EGF, to promote therapeutic angiogenesis.