In the Osaka area, high concentrations of NO2 are observed in spring.
To understand the relative roles and amounts of transported background
ozone, photochemical ozone, transported NO2, and primary emitted NO2
in controlling NO2 formation in the Osaka area, a three-dimensional ph
otochemical air pollution simulation model was applied based on the ac
tual meteorological and emission conditions. Simulated results reveal
that photochemical reactions play an important role in the formation o
f the springtime high concentrations of NO2 in Osaka.