We studied a 29-year-old woman with myopathy since childhood with evid
ence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion. Muscle biopsy sample show
ed cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-negative fibers. Biochemistry showed COX
deficiency. Southern blot analysis showed 76% depletion of mtDNA as c
ompared with controls. This patient's clinical course suggests that lo
ng survival is possible in some patients with mtDNA depletion.