Analysis of the temporal structure of acoustic signals is important fo
r the communication and survival of a variety of animals including hum
ans. Recognition and discrimination of particular temporal patterns in
sounds may involve integration of auditory information presented over
hundreds of milliseconds or seconds. Here we show neural evidence for
long-term integration in the anuran auditory system. The responses of
one class of auditory neurons in the torus semicircularis (auditory m
idbrain) of frogs reflect the integration of information, gathered ove
r approximately 45-150 ms, from a series of stimulus pulses, not stimu
lus energy. This integration process is fundamental to the selective r
esponses of these neurons for particular call types.