It is extremely rare for extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) to occur i
n the thyroid gland, and no reports have mentioned any relationship be
tween EMH and iron deficiency anemia. We describe a case of EMH in a t
hyroid nodule from a patient with iron deficiency anemia. The presence
of EMH was confirmed through cytologic examination of a fine needle a
spiration biopsy of the thyroid nodule. The diagnosis of iron deficien
cy anemia was established on the basis of clinical findings, periphera
l blood smear, and iron indices.