The case of a 30-year-old male, who presented with a three months hist
ory of fever, night sweats, weight loss and myalgia is reported. Subse
quently abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and mononeuropathy multiplex
developed. An abdominal and renal angiogram showed changes of vascula
r structures diagnostic for polyarteritis nodosa. An immunosuppressive
treatment (Prednisolon 100 mg/day and Cyclophosphamid 200 mg/day) was
started. However, diffuse peritonitis as the aftermath of bowel infar
ction, which comprised the total length of the jejunum and the proxima
l parts of the ileum, developed at the third week of this treatment. D
espite immediate surgical resection of the ischemic bowel septic compl
ications occurred and the patient died.