Ae. Kyles et al., DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE URETERAL CALCULI IN CATS - 11 CASES (1993-1996), Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 213(8), 1998, pp. 1150-1156
Objective-To evaluate diagnostic methods, surgical treatment, perioper
ative management, and renal function of cats with obstructive calcium
oxalate ureteroliths. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-11 cat
s that underwent surgery for removal of calcium oxalate ureteroliths.
Procedure-Medical records were reviewed, and the following information
was recorded: signalment; results of physical examination, clinicopat
hologic analyses, and abdominal imaging; surgical procedure; postopera
tive management; and results of ureterolith quantitative analysis. Res
ults-Ureteroliths in the proximal portion of the ureter were removed f
rom 5 cats (pyelotomy, 1 cat; unilateral ureterotomy, 2 cats; bilatera
l ureterotomies, 2 cats). Calculi in the middle and distal part of the
ureter were removed by partial ureterectomy and ureteroneocystostomy
(6 cats). Ten cats recovered from surgery and were discharged from the
hospital. One cat died from unknown causes 4 months after surgery and
1 car had a nephrectomy elsewhere 5 weeks after ureterolith removal.
Eight cats were evaluated 12 to 20 months after surgery. Of these, 2 c
ats that were markedly azotemic before surgery improved after surgery,
and 2 cats developed nephroliths after surgery. Also, of 5 cats that
had nephroliths that were not removed at the time of surgery, 4 still
had visible nephroliths, One cat had recurrent ureteral obstruction fr
om a ureterolith and persistent urinary tract infection. Ureteroliths
or ultrasonographic evidence of ureteral obstruction were not detected
in other cats. Clinical Implications-A combination of microsurgical t
echniques and intensive postoperative care is necessary to minimize mo
rbidity of cats after removal of a ureterolith. Renal function may imp
rove or stabilize after removal of the ureteral obstruction.