HIGHLY SELECTIVE PD KX CATALYSTS FOR LOW-PRESSURE ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF 2-ETHYLHEXANAL FROM N-BUTYRALDEHYDE AND HYDROGEN/

2-ethylhexanal (2EH) was directly synthesized from n-butyraldehyde and hydrogen at 1 atm and 150 degrees C using the catalysts prepared by s upporting tetraamine palladium(II) chloride on the potassium ion-excha nged zeolite X (Pd/KXW) and on the potassium ion-added zeolite X (Pd/K XU). The latter catalyst contains a larger amount of potassium ion and exhibits higher activity and very high selectivity to 2EH (>93%) due to its greater basicity. The main reaction path possibly starts from s elf-condensation of n-butyraldehyde on the catalyst basic sites to for m 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal followed by dehydration to 2-ethyl-2-hexena l which was then hydrogenated on the metallic Pd sites to 2EH.