EXTENDED BOND GRAPH RETICULATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC CONTINUA

Extended Bond Graph (EBG) reticulations for general and linear piezoel ectric continua are developed in this paper. The EBG formulation is es pecially advantageous for modeling the distributed coupled electromech anical effects of these materials and for combining this representatio n with other discrete models. The electromechanical coupling effects a re represented by a multiport C-element for the general piezoelectric material. For linear constitutive properties, the coupling effects are represented by two multiport C-elements; one for the strain energy an d the other for the capacitance storage, and a transformer that conver ts the power flows between the two energy domains. Details of the deve lopments of the general formulation and of the specific models are pro vided. This work represents the first application of EBGs to electric fields.