We describe a 38-year-old woman and a 38-year-old man who have been li
ving in a ''locked-in'' condition 3 and 2 years, respectively. Extensi
ve neuropsychological testing, carried out with a communication aid sy
stem (writing apparatus) which exploited the patients residual eye mov
ements, showed preserved cognitive abilities in spite of the long stan
ding de-efferentation.