H. Chen et al., COMPARISON OF PITCH PREDICTION AND ADAPTATION ALGORITHMS IN FORWARD AND BACKWARD ADAPTIVE CELP SYSTEMS, IEE proceedings. Part I. Communications, speech and vision, 140(4), 1993, pp. 240-245
The paper examines several pitch estimation and adaptation algorithms
in forward and backward adaptive CELP systems. The authors compare ope
n-loop and closed-loop pitch estimation structures, the use of integer
and non-integer delay pitch prediction, and the implementation of blo
ck adaptive and sample recursive pitch tracking algorithms. Forward ad
aptive systems are found to perform better with a closed-loop structur
e in conjunction of non-integer delay pitch prediction. However, tempo
ral and noise feedback problems suggest that open-loop structures with
hybrid pitch tracking are better suited for backward adaptive systems
.