Within 15 years, the prognosis of chronic obstructive respiratory fail
ure has been deeply modified by advances in surgical treatment. In cas
e of emphysema, lung volume reduction permits an improvement in the fu
nctional status in a significant number of patients, at least for seve
ral years. Moreover, lung transplantation, mainly single lung transpla
ntation provide currently an actuarial survival rate of 50 % at five y
ears.