ELECTROCATALYTIC FUNCTION OF BI(V) SITES IN HEAVILY-DOPED PBO2-FILM ELECTRODES APPLIED FOR ANODIC DETECTION OF SELECTED SULFUR-COMPOUNDS

The role of Bi(V) sites at the surfaces of Bi(V)-doped beta-PbO2 film electrodes is examined as it relates to electrocatalysis of the anodic O-transfer reactions of organic sulfur-containing compounds, with emp hasis on cysteine, in acidic media. Contrary to earlier speculation, t hese sites are concluded not to decrease the overpotential for O-trans fer reactions by decreasing the net overpotential for anodic discharge of H2O. The possibility of electron-transfer mediation by a surface-b ound Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couple also is rejected on the basis of the v oltammetric response for cysteine at PbO2 electrodes doped with Al(III ), a species that cannot possibly function as an electron-transfer med iator. Data obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy support the c onclusion that the Bi(V) sites function for preadsorption of the react ant species in the anodic O-transfer mechanism. This conclusion is bel ieved to be pertinent to the anodic response mechanisms of all organic sulfur compounds at Bi(V)-doped PbO2-film electrodes. The benefit of preadsorption is concluded to result from: (i) desolvation of reactant species, which minimizes the requirement for transfer of O-atoms by a n improbable tunneling mechanism; and (ii) the increased residence tim e of reactant species at the electrode surface. (C) 1998 Elsevier Scie nce S.A. All rights reserved.