A logical system is presented to describe organic reactions. It is bas
ed on the net structural change in a reaction, rather than on substruc
ture searching. This system rigorously provides a place for any reacti
on. It is very simple to use by hand, but, since it is also numerical,
it provides a basis for organizing and retrieving reactions in a data
base by computer. The effectiveness of a program, COGNOS, written to i
mplement and test the system on a large database, lends confidence in
this logic for organizing reactions.