I. Yamada et al., NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN THE GAS CLUSTER ION-BEAM MODIFICATION OF SOLID-SURFACES, Materials science & engineering. A, Structural materials: properties, microstructure and processing, 253(1-2), 1998, pp. 249-257
The unique characteristics of gas cluster ion beam processing are revi
ewed. Cluster ion beams consisting of hundreds to thousands of atoms h
ave been generated from various kinds of gas materials. Multiple colli
sions during the impact of accelerated cluster ions upon the substrate
surfaces produce fundamentally non-linear bombarding processes. These
bombarding characteristics can be applied to shallow ion implantation
, high yield sputtering and smoothing, surface cleaning and low temper
ature thin him formation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights re
served.