OPERATION AND CONTROL OF WASTE-WATER TREATMENT - A SCANDINAVIAN PERSPECTIVE OVER 20 YEARS

This paper aims to review the development of wastewater treatment oper ation and control over the last two decades. Due to the authors' backg round and experiences there is a special emphasis on the Scandinavian perspective. Since the developments in these countries have been in th e forefront in the wastewater treatment area we believe that it may gi ve a reasonable view of the progress also in other countries. The resu lts of regulatory, technical and economical driving forces are discuss ed. A brief historical review of the progress of nutrient removal is m ade, and current methodologies for the operation and control of nutrie nt removal systems is reviewed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.