This paper presents a technique for configuring wastewater process sim
ulations so that the hydraulic characteristics are similar to the real
plant Residence time distribution (RTD) tests are performed on two bi
ological nutrient removal pilot plants. The RTD tests proved valuable
for evaluating mixing effectiveness, volume utilisation and for determ
ining an appropriate hydraulic topology for the dynamic models of the
pilot plants. As a result of this work, simulation execution times bec
ame much faster due to a significant reduction in the number of effect
ive stirred tanks required in the model. The work also identified shor
t circuiting and dead zones in the pilot plants. (C) 1998 Published by
Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.