THE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY EFFECTS OF CHRONIC BACKACHE IN THE UNITED-STATES

OBJECTIVES. Back pain afflicts approximately 31 million Americans, and is the number one cause of activity limitation in young adults. Littl e is known about the labor productivity costs associated with this chr onic disease. Such information could provide useful input to employers considering alternative health benefits plans for managing their empl oyees' health care needs. The goals of this study were to generate emp loyee-level as well as national estimates of the labor productivity lo sses associated with chronic back ache. METHODS. Multivariate methods were used to isolate the effects of chronic backache on employment sta tus and disability days. These results were combined with information on earnings to generate labor productivity cost estimates associated w ith chronic backache. The study used data from the National Medical Ca re Expenditure Survey (NMES), which provides information on health sta tus, health care utilization and cost, work, disability, and sociodemo graphic characteristics for a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States in 1987. RESULTS. Average annual productivity losses per worker due to chronic backache were $1,230 for male workers, measured in 1996 dollars, and $773 per female worker. These figures translated into aggregate annual productivity losses from chronic backache of approximately $28 billio n in the United States. CONCLUSION. The labor productivity losses from chronic backache differed by gender and other sociodemographic charac teristics. The aggregate labor productivity losses associated with chr onic backache were quite large and comparable to estimates of the dire ct medical costs associated with treating this chronic illness.