Crittografia e diritto:l'attuale stato dell'arte.

This article is part of a wider work,which purpose is to define the relationship existing between cryptography and law.This portion of the study will examine the cryptographic systems both with secret and public key and will explain their main purposes:secrecy,authenticity and integrity.The study goes on analysing their applications more commonly in use so to demonstrate how much cryptography is now part of the daily life of us all.The technical analysis is taken here to its utmost consequences and,trying to foresee its future evolutions,it's also taken into consideration the possible encounter between cryptography and quantum mechanics,quantum computer being the predictable result of the above.The author proceedes by evaluating the peculiar relationship existing between cryptography and privacy,and shows how pivotal is going to became awareness in the use of the cryptographic systems.Further on is studied the so called Crypto Controversy,that is,the problematic conflict between the governments'interests-that must guarantee public safety-and the citizens'ones-that want to protect the right to privacy.The matter from technical now becomes therefore both legal and political,and shows how much the progress made by cryptography has been influenced by the politics of the single States.