CAR OCCUPANT SAFETY IN FRONTAL CRASHES - A PARAMETER STUDY OF VEHICLEMASS, IMPACT SPEED, AND INHERENT VEHICLE PROTECTION

A new mathematical model was developed to estimate average injury and fatality rates in frontal car-to-car crashes for changes in vehicle fl eet mass, impact speed distribution, and inherent vehicle protection. The estimates were calculated from injury/fatality risk data, delta-V distribution and collision probability of two vehicles, where delta V- depends on impact speed and mass of the colliding vehicles. The impact speed distribution was assumed to be unaffected by a change in fleet mass distribution. The results showed that safety in frontal crashes w ould improve 27-35% by a 10% increase in fatality risk parameters, whi ch reflected substantial improvement in inherent vehicle protection. A 40% safety improvement was attained by a 10% impact speed reduction. Consequences of vehicle fleet mass were not as strong, but depended on the average mass ratio of the fleet. A reduction in mass range would be the most beneficial, while a uniform mass reduction of 20% would in crease the fatality rate by 5.4%. The model estimates trends in traffi c safety and may help to identify priorities in active and passive saf ety. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved.