Xenografts, specifically transplantation of human cells into other spe
cies, are a valuable tool in preclinical transplantation experiments.
A central issue is accurate identification of the grafted cells, parti
cularly in cases in which cellular migration has occurred. We report t
hat detection of grafted human cells can be achieved by in situ hybrid
ization techniques using human centromeric probes which result in unam
biguous nuclear labeling. The resulting reaction can be combined with
immunocytochemical or histochemical techniques for cell-type character
ization.