The research has been carried out as a part of Moscow Longitudinal Stu
dy of Giftedness. Gifted pupils of the first grade have been selected
by two-stage procedure: teachers' checklists and tests of intellectual
abilities and creativity. A control group has included the children o
f the same age without selection. All the groups have been treated thr
ice: in the first, the second and the third grades. Intellectual abili
ties, creativity, motivation, and other personal characteristics have
been observed. Significant differences between gifted and non-gifted s
choolchildren have been found in cognitive and personal development. A
verage, high- and super-gifted children have been differentiated and e
valuated. The results demonstrate that gifted children need special su
pport, otherwise they cannot develop their intellectual and creative p
otential.