The inner layer of avian eggshells is composed of 2 membranes; 1 of th
ese becomes exposed after hatch and enables estimation of number of yo
ung. We counted number of wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggshell membranes to
estimate number of hatched ducklings. Number of membranes counted wit
hin 24 hours after hatch was a reliable predictor (R-2 = 0.91) of duck
lings produced.