Cultura giuridica in formazione. Il concetto di riservatezza nella giurisprudenza civile.

In the Italian legal system, Characterised by an overwhelming amount of statute law,the privacy question represents an exception, since the Parliament waited untill the end of 1996 before passing an Act addressed to protecting "personal data", especially with regard to misuse through computerised technologies. In contrast to the legislators' lenghty silence, a legal concept of privacy has developed in the course of the last forty years, on the basis of both doctrinal writing and case law. The research referred to this essay, a part of an interdisciplinary inquiry into the crisis of the certainty of law, describes the findings gathered through a content analysis of a large sample of precedents, covering almost all relevant published judicial decisions issued by the Italian courts of all instances between 1953 and 1996. The main purpose of the research team was to understand how legal culture, both "external" and "internal", as Lawrence Friedman defined it, contributed to constructing a viable legal notion of privacy. Four sets of variables were considered: a) "the structure of the fact", b) "the structure of the judicial proceedings", c) "the structure of the judicial decision", d) "the structure of the judicial reasoning". The panorama offered reveals that the protection of privacy has been mostly the result of conflicts concerning the "visual" image of known persons, most often VIPs, or the historical reconstruction in moves of events that had caught the imagination of public opinion, such as famous love stories or celebrated crimes. Reacting to cases of this kind, Courts granted or denied legal protection on a largely unequal and discretionary basis, though making use of analogy or presenting their decisions as the logical consequence of "universal" principles, such as those stated in the European Convention on Human Rights. As a result, the very concept of privacy, though tackled remarkably in a number of decisions which often reflected conspicous doctrinal achievements, has long remained as a whole quite obscure, undefined and basically separate from the core of discussions meanwhile being conducted in other European countries.